{"id":2198,"date":"2025-10-10T16:41:10","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T20:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/?page_id=2198"},"modified":"2026-05-20T09:57:42","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T13:57:42","slug":"prams-measures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/prams\/prams-measures\/","title":{"rendered":"PRAMS Health Measures"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-2198\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-2198-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-2198-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-2198-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_nav_menu panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div class=\"cd-navigation-menu panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-2198-0-0-0\" ><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Dashboard Navigation Menu<\/h3><div class=\"menu-prams-container\"><ul id=\"menu-prams\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-2196\" class=\"dashboards-menu-item menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page first-menu-item menu-item-2196\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/prams\/\"><i class=\"fa fa-home\" title=\"Home\" aria-label=\"home\"><\/i> Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2204\" class=\"dashboards-menu-item menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2204\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/prams\/prams-measures\/\">PRAMS Health Measures<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2209\" class=\"dashboards-menu-item menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2209\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/prams\/prams-sae-map\/\">Local Estimates Map<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2197\" class=\"dashboards-menu-item menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page last-menu-item menu-item-2197\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/maternal-child-health\/\">Maternal &#038; Child Health Dashboards<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-2198-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>The PRAMS Health Measures Dashboard provides data and visuals on key maternal behaviors before, during, and after pregnancy. These data can identify needs and help monitor progress in improving health outcomes. The data is helpful in reducing gaps between the health of\u00a0 women and infants based on income or race. Measures may include topics such as:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Mistimed pregnancy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Depression and anxiety during pregnancy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Breastfeeding initiation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Unintended pregnancy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Dental cleaning during pregnancy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Postpartum depression and anxiety<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of fertility drugs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Food insecurity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Infant safe sleep practices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Currently, 2023 is the most recent data available. To view each health measure, click on the bar chart icon to the right. Dashboard users can look at a breakdown and description of the data. More information and definitions can be found in '<strong>About the Data<\/strong>' below the dashboard.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-2198-0-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1779224049152' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='#'><img alt='Home Dashboard ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;CA&#47;CANDELETE-TESTINGONLYFinalPRAMSDashboardHyperlinksFINAL&#47;HomeDashboard&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' \/><\/a><\/noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' \/><param name='embed_code_version' value='3' \/><param name='site_root' value='' \/><param name='name' value='CANDELETE-TESTINGONLYFinalPRAMSDashboardHyperlinksFINAL&#47;HomeDashboard' \/><param name='tabs' value='no' \/><param name='toolbar' value='yes' \/><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;CA&#47;CANDELETE-TESTINGONLYFinalPRAMSDashboardHyperlinksFINAL&#47;HomeDashboard&#47;1.png' \/><param name='animate_transition' value='yes' \/><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' \/><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' \/><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' \/><param name='display_count' value='yes' \/><param name='language' value='en-US' \/><\/object><\/div>\n<p>                <script type='text\/javascript'>                    var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1779224049152');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.width='1024px';vizElement.style.height='1627px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='1024px';vizElement.style.height='1627px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='3327px';}                     var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/javascripts\/api\/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                <\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-2198-0-0-3\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-features panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-features so-widget-sow-features-default-bba6880a3b59-2198\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><ul\n\tclass=\"sow-features-list\n\tsow-features-responsive\">\n\n\t\t\t<li\n\t\t\tclass=\"sow-features-feature sow-icon-container-position-top\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: calc(50% - 25px);\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-icon-container sow-container-sticker\"\n\t\t\t\tstyle=\"color: #1e73be; \"\n\t\t\t\ttitle=\"PRAMS Webpage\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/prams\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-materialicons sowm-regular\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xe069\"\n\t\tstyle=\"font-size: 24px; color: #fff\" \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"sow-features-feature-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/prams\/\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPRAMS Webpage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t<li\n\t\t\tclass=\"sow-features-feature sow-icon-container-position-top\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: calc(50% - 25px);\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-icon-container sow-container-sticker\"\n\t\t\t\tstyle=\"color: #1e73be; \"\n\t\t\t\ttitle=\"Request Data\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/redcap.vdh.virginia.gov\/redcap\/surveys\/?s=4PP8XDLR3D\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-icomoon\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xe99b;\"\n\t\tstyle=\"font-size: 24px; color: #fff\" \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"sow-features-feature-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/redcap.vdh.virginia.gov\/redcap\/surveys\/?s=4PP8XDLR3D\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest Data\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-2198-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-2198-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-2198-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-accordion panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"4\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-accordion so-widget-sow-accordion-default-37a5456e788c-2198\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div>\n\t<div class=\"sow-accordion\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel\n\t\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"about-the-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header-container\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-label-about-the-data\" aria-controls=\"accordion-content-about-the-data\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-title sow-accordion-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout the Data\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf218;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf209;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-accordion-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"region\"\n\t\t\t\taria-labelledby=\"accordion-label-about-the-data\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"accordion-content-about-the-data\"\n\t\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none;\"\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-border\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Data Source:<\/strong> The dashboard combines data from two systems:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vital Events Statistics Program (Virginia Department of Health):<\/strong> Provides information on maternal race and ethnicity, region of residence, history of preterm birth, adequacy of prenatal care (Kotelchuck Index), WIC enrollment, and timing of prenatal care initiation. Live births are reported based on the mother\u2019s residence at the time of birth, regardless of where the birth occurred.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS):<\/strong> Provides population-based survey data on maternal behaviors, experiences, and health indicators before, during, and shortly after pregnancy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Regions:\u00a0<\/strong>PRAMS is a state-based survey. Currently, data can be only stratified by the two local health districts that the program oversamples, Richmond City Health District (RCHD) and Blue Ridge Health District (BRHD). As such, health measures may be presented as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blue Ridge Health District<\/li>\n<li>Richmond City Health District<\/li>\n<li>Rest of Virginia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Definitions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kotelchuck Index (Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization):<\/strong> Based on when prenatal care began (initiation) and the number of visits received from initiation to delivery.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weighted Percentage:<\/strong> The weighted percent of Virginia mothers giving birth to live infants in 2023 (or 2018\u20132022) who responded Yes (or as indicated) to the survey question for the indicator.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weighted Population:<\/strong> The weighted number of Virginia mothers who responded Yes (or as indicated) to the survey question for the indicator.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Health Measures:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Any disability before pregnancy: <\/strong>Indicator displays \u201cYes\u201d responses to one or more items in Question 4 (a\u2013f).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Smoked three months before pregnancy: <\/strong>Indicator displays any response in Question 34 other than \u201cI didn\u2019t smoke then.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Smoked during last three months of pregnancy: <\/strong>Indicator displays any response in Question 35 other than \u201cI don\u2019t smoke now.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Used marijuana during pregnancy: <\/strong>Indicator displays any response in Question D3 other than \u201cI didn\u2019t use marijuana then.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Depression during pregnancy: <\/strong>Indicator displays a \u201cYes\u201d response to \u201cDepression\u201d in Question 29.<br \/>\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Note:<\/span> The questionnaire changed from Phase 8 (2016\u20132022) to Phase 9. In Phase 8, the question asked, \u201cDuring your most recent pregnancy, did you have any of the following health conditions?\u201d. In Phase 9, the question changed to, \u201cDuring your most recent pregnancy, did a healthcare provider tell you that you had any of the following health conditions?\u201d. This change in wording affects the percentages reported beginning in 2023 and should be considered when interpreting trends.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Three or more stressors during pregnancy: <\/strong>Indicator displays if 3 or more \u201cYes\u201d responses to Question 43 (a\u2013k) during the 12 months prior to birth.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Discrimination during pregnancy: <\/strong>Indicator displays \u201cYes\u201d responses in Question 79. Specifically, respondents are asked whether during prenatal care, delivery, or postpartum care they experienced discrimination or being \u201chassled or made to feel inferior\u201d due to various reasons (e.g., race, language\/accent).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Food insecurity during pregnancy: <\/strong>Indicator displays \u201cOften\u201d or \u201cSometimes\u201d responses to either of the two statements in Question 73:<br \/>\n- \u201cI worried whether my food would run out before I got money to buy more\u201d<br \/>\n- \u201cThe food that I bought just didn\u2019t last, and I didn\u2019t have money to get more\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dad contributes to basic needs: <\/strong>Indicator displays \u201cAlways\u201d or \u201cOften\u201d for Question 82 (how often father\/partner contributes money, food, clothing, shelter, or healthcare).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Breastfeeding at time of survey: <\/strong>Indicator displays the response \u201cI\u2019m still breastfeeding or feeding pumped milk to my new baby\u201d in Question 53.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Breastfeeding initiation: <\/strong>Indicator displays any response in Question 53 other than \u201cI didn\u2019t breastfeed.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Postpartum depression: <\/strong>Indicator displays \u201cAlways\u201d or \u201cOften\u201d responses in Questions 69 or 70 (on feeling down, little interest\/pleasure, etc.).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Postpartum anxiety: <\/strong>Indicator displays \u201cAlways\u201d or \u201cOften\u201d responses in Questions 48 or 49 (on feeling nervous, anxious, or inability to stop worrying).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): <\/strong>Indicator displays \u201cYes\u201d responses to any of the items in Question 86. Responses are grouped as: 1 ACE (one \"yes\" response), 2 ACEs (two \"yes\" responses), 3+ ACEs (three or more \"yes\" responses).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ever treated unfairly due to race, ethnicity, or skin color<br \/>\n<\/strong>Indicator displays \u201cYes\u201d responses to any of the items in Question 81 (situations in which the respondent has been treated unfairly because of race, ethnicity, or skin color).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ethnicity and Race:<\/strong> Only two ethnic classes are recognized in the data, Hispanic and Non-Hispanic, where the term Hispanic refers to persons who can trace their ancestry in some degree to the peoples of the Iberian Peninsula and the nations of Portugal and Spain. The term Latino is also used for Hispanic. Thus, a Hispanic person may be of any race. Presented race categories are based on the race methods and categories set forth by the U.S. Census Populations with Single Race Categories.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Other:<\/strong>\u00a0Data are produced and processed from sources believed to be reliable and accurate at that point of time. No warranty expressed or implied is made regarding accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of any information. Additionally, not all data elements are reported at the source. Please see Virginia Code\u00a0\u00a732.1 for information on data mandated to be conveyed by the patient and\/or facility. This disclaimer applies to both isolated and aggregate uses of the data. Unknown\/Unreported variables are not displayed, but are included in the overall counts. Counts lower than 20 and their associated rates should be interpreted with caution.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The PRAMS Health Measures Dashboard provides data and visuals on key maternal behaviors before, during, and after pregnancy. These data can identify needs and help monitor progress in improving health outcomes. The data is helpful in reducing gaps between the health of\u00a0 women and infants based on income or race. Measures may include topics such [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":0,"parent":2191,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2198","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PRAMS Health Measures - Data<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/prams\/prams-measures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PRAMS Health Measures - Data\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The PRAMS Health Measures Dashboard provides data and visuals on key maternal behaviors before, during, and after pregnancy. 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